Introduction to Immigration Economics; Immigration Theory and Evidence; The Determinants of International Migration: Theory; Why People Immigrate: The Evidence; Who Immigrates? Theory and Evidence; The Effects of Immigration on the Destination Economy: The Theory; How Immigration Impacts the Destination Economy: The Evidence; Estimating Immigration's Impact: Accounting for All Adjustments; Immigration and the Source Country; Economic Growth and Immigration; Immigration and Economic Growth: More Fundamental Issues; Immigration Issues and Cases; Temporary Immigration, Involuntary Immigration, and Other Variations on the Standard Model; Unauthorized Immigration; Hispanic Immigration to the USA; Immigration Policy: Introduction; Immigration Policy in the USA; Immigration Policy in Canada; Immigration Policy in Europe; Conclusions and Final Observations.

Fundamental of two-phase flow Relevance of the problem Characteristic of multiphase flow Classification of two-phase flow Outline of the book Local Instant Formulation Single-phase flow conservation equations General balance equations Conservation equation Entopy inequality and principle of constitutive law Constitutive equations Interfacial balance and boundary conditions Interfacial balance (Jump condition) Thermo-Fluid dynamics of Two-Phase Flow Boandary conditions at interface Simplified boundary condition External boundary conditions and contact angle Application of local instant formulation to two-phase flow problems Drag force acting on a spherical particle in a very slow stream Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilty Rayleigh-Taylor instability Two-phase field equations based on time average Various Methods of Averaging Purpose of averaging Classification of averaging Various averaging in connection with two-phase flow analysis Basic Relations in Time Average Time domain and definition of functions Local time fraction - Local void fraction Time average and weighted mean values Time average of derivatives Concentrations and mixture properties VelocĘ field Fundamental identity Time Averaged Balance Equation General balance equation Two-fluid model field equations Diffusion (mixture) model field equations Singular case (quasi_stationary interface) Macroscopic jump conditions Summary of macroscopic field equations and jump conditions Alternative form of turbulent heat flux Connection to Other Statistical Averages Eulerian statistical average (ensemble average) Boltzmann statistical average Part III. Three-dimensional model based on time average Kinematics of Averaged Fields Convective coordinates and convective derivatives Thermo-Fluid dynamics of Two-Phase Flow Streamline Conservation of mass Dilatation Interfacial Transport Interfacial mass transfer Interfacial momentum transfer Interfacial energy transfer Two-fluid Model Two-fluid model field equations Two-fluid model constitutive laws Entropy inequality Equation of state Determinism Average molecular diffusion fluxes Turbulent fluxes Interfacial transfer constitutive laws Two-fluid model formulation Various special cases Interfacial Area Transport Three-dimensional interfacial area transport equation Number transport equation Volume transport equation Interfacial area transport equation One-group interfacial area transport equation Two-group interfacial area transport equation Two_group particle number transport equation Two-group void fraction transport equation Two-group interfacial area transport equation Constitutive relations Constitutive Modeling of Interfacial Area Transport Modified two-fluid model for the two-group interfacial area transport equation Conventional two-fluid model Two-group void fraction and interfacial area transport equations Modified two-fluid model Modeling of two gas velocity fields Modeling of source and sink terms in one-group interfacial Area transport equation Source and sink terms modeled by Wu ęt al. (1998) Source and sink terms modeled by Hibiki and Ishii Thermo-Fluid dynamics of Two-Phase Flow Source and sink terms modeled by Hibiki et al. (2001b) 27s Modeling of source and sink terms in two-group interfacial Area transport equation Source and sink terms modeled by Hibiki and Ishii Source and sink terms modeled by Fu and Ishii (20a2a) Source and sink terms modeled by Sun et al. (2004a) Modeling of phase change terms in interfacial area transport equation Active nucleation site density modeled by Kocamustafaogullari and Ishii (1983) and Hibiki and Ishii (2003b) Bubble departure size modeled by Situ et al. (2008) Bubble departure frequency modeled by Euh et al. (2010) Sink term due to condensation modeled by Park et al. (2007) Hydrodynanic Constitutive Relations for Interfacial Transfer Transient forces in multipanicle system Drag force in multiparticle system Single-particle drag coefficient Dragcoefficient for dispersed two-phase flow Other forces Lift Force Wall-lift (wall-lubrication) force Turbulent dispersion force Turbulence in multiparticle system Drift-flux Model Drift-flux model field equations Drift-flux (or mixture) model constitutive laws Drift-flux (or mixture) model formulation Drift-flux model Scaling parameters Homogeneous flow model Density propagation model one-dimensional model based on time average One-dimensional Drift-flux Model Area ayerage of three-dimensional drift-flux model Thermo-Fluid Dynamics of Two-Phase Flow One-dimensional drift velocity Dispersed two-phase flow Annular two-phase Flow Annular mist Flow Covariance of convective flux One-dimensional drift-flux correlations for various flow conditions Constitutive equations for upward bubbly flow Constitutive equations for upward adiabatic annulus and internally heated annulus Constitutive equations for downward two-phase flow Constitutive equations for bubbling or boiling pool systems Constitutive equations for large diameter pipe systems Constitutive equations at reduced gravity conditions Constitutive equations for rod bundle geometry Constitutive equations for pool rod bundle geometry One-dimensional Two-fluid Model Area average of three-dimensional two-fluid model Special consideration for one-dimensional constitutive relations Covariance effect in field equations Effect of phase distribution on constitutive relations Interfucial shear term Two-fluid Model Considering Structual Materials in a Control Time-averaged two-fluid model Local volume averaging operations Definitions of parameters and averaged quantities Some important theorems Time-volume averaged two-fluid model formulation Formulation with volume porosity only Formulation with volume and surface porosities Special consideration for time-volume averaged constitutive relations Covariance effect in field equations Effects of phase distribution on constitutive relations Interfacial shearterm Relationship between surface and volume averaged quantifies Thermo-Fluid dynamics of Two-Phase FIow One-dimensional Interfacial Area Transport Equation in Subcooled Boiling Flow Formulation of interfacial area transport equation in subcooled boiling flow Development of bubble layer thickness model